Wednesday, 8 May 2019

911 Emergency: The First Interview



Peter Hyatt
Published on May 8, 2019

911 and 999 calls are invaluable for investigators. Learning the principles of Statement Analysis can not only get to the truth, but can do so while saving hours of investigatory legwork


https://youtu.be/0qRnvRupXjM

Wednesday, 1 May 2019

Parents of Five Year old Reported Missing Arrested




The case is now resolved.

Analysis posted on Twitter yesterday @peterfhyatt

The 911 call is useful for training. Even in hindsight we are able to glean much information from the words.

The Linguistic Disposition of the subject towards the victim is critical information.

https://youtu.be/1UWUbl7jGUk


These are notes from team analysis. Some of the comments and questions are exploratory in nature.


D: What’s the address of your emergency?
C: [redacted] Crystal Lake
D: Yup got it and the phone number you’re calling from?
C: [redacted]
D: Ok. Tell me exactly what happened.


C: Uh, weuh, we havea missingchild. Um, woke up this
morning and uh, he wasn’t, he wasn’t

Expectation: Context is a bio dad -- sexual – distinctly as a
man, who has fathered the victim.
Take ownership of the victim.
He is telling the truth. “we” (plural) “have” something.
The use of “we” by a bio dad of a missing child in an
emergency call is unexpected. We may hear it in a later
press conference where mom and dad are standing together
and he is speaking for both.
--need to share ownership – (step parenting, adoption,
fostering)—We expect a bio dad to say “I” or “my” (singular)
ESPECIALLY in the initial report

“we have a missing child” – The Linguistic Disposition
towards the victim is neutral. Conclusion: In context, this is
negative.
Similar to Patsy Ramsey; speaking the technical truth. The
child does not “have” an issue to reckon with; the caller
(parents), however, do.
“child” is gender neutral. The caller is not working to facilitate
the flow of info. It is also to distance from gender. This
would need exploration. (resentment? Jealousy?)
“child” is anyone’s child: acute psychological distancing from
his own child. This is a red flag.
“we” is repeated indicating increased sensitivity of being
psychologically alone in this report.
“we have a missing child” is a status report; it is not personal

The subject avoids using AJ’s name. Given the context of
“missing”, this is a confirmation of the acute psych.
Distancing.

Um, ____ woke up this morning and uh, he wasn’t, he wasn’t

The psychological distancing we saw in the first six words,
now increases with the omitted pronoun,.
He did not say “I woke up” or even “we woke up”
We cannot say it for him.
Parents may not have slept.

Who woke up?

“he” – who is “he”?

They “have” a situation of a status report (“,missing child”)
, but “he” avoids the name of the child.
The subject does not tell us they were asleep. Consider the
deception possible by implication…”we could not possibly be
involved because we were asleep. Interpret our words; don’t
listen to us…”

D: how old is the child
C: we have a missing child

Even after using the pronoun
“he”,. The caller robs the victim of the status of son. He and the mother have this; not their son, but a case.
The victim has not status and has no name. He is a “case” but not a person.
D: Yeah, how old is he?
C: he’s 5
D: what was he last seen wearing?
C: um, a Mario blue, like long sleeve sweatshirt and um,
black sweat pants
D: and uh, male, white?
C: yes
D: when was the last time you seen him?
C: Uh, last night. Uh,probably9:30. Uh when he went to bed.
Why is going to bed “probable”? This is a lack of commitment; not to time, but to what follows: “uh, when he went to bed.”
Since going to bed is only “probable”, this is an unnecessary term that is not expected. He is not estimated time but possible-probable account.
When does the victim normally go to bed?
Does the victim normally put himself to bed?
The victim is still not a person. He does not have a name. The victim is still “child” –
Was the victim still in his clothes, at age 5, “probably”??
Consider that “probably” may be dismissive, uncaring, etc, as a result of chronic neglect?
This question is forced upon the operator:
D: ok. Are you the father?
C: yes
The subject did not claim to be the father, nor took ownership of his son, nor even used the victim’s name.
The father should be thinking aloud in trying to grasp his missing son’s whereabouts or what happened…he should be grappling with a terrible mystery, tearing him at the core of his very being.
Instead, he gives a one word answer.
He only “accepts” status of father by affirmation; not by his own words.



D: Ok. Know where hemight’vewent?
C: no, uh we’vecanvassedthe neighborhood.

He “canvassed” but “we” did not search. “Canvassed” is cursory or superficial, like opinions. It is not searching.
Iwent to thelocalpark.
This is the first time “I” enters his language.
90% reliable--- if he did not go to the park, we are looking at a rare and dangerous liar.
Uh, the local gas stations down here where we sometimes take himto buy treats.
a. He does not commit to going to the gas station
b. He is, however, a “good parent” in this context, who buys “him” treats. In context of this emergency call, this is a possible indicator of guilt in his role as parent. He needs to be seen as a good parent.
c. He does not “get” treats, but “buys” them. This is line with the “three p’s” of biological relationship

d. After committing to the park, he returns to the weaker “we”
Um,Ispokewiththe assistant principal over thereat the school

where the park is. Theyhaven’tseen uh, him or

any other child.
I have no idea where he would be.
The subject does not want to be alone with this event, so

much so, that the subject is attempting to portray the victim

as in a crowd. This is acute guilt. By adding in “any other

child” –he is making an extraordinary and unique situation

into one that is “normal” or common/usual.
He must be a “good person” concerned with other missing

children. Further increase of guilt.
I have no idea where he wouldbe.
This is offered freely by the biological father and is not in

response to a direct or indirect question.
The rule of the negative elevates this importance;
He does not say, “I don’t know where he is” but
“would be” (conditional) as a weakened commitment to this

lie. “Would be” rather than “is” is consistent with past tense

and weak commitment.

“They haven’t seen him…” is to avoid telling us the gender of the asst principal ---

Consider: the subject may have a need to neutralize gender, in general. (concern, background exploration)

D: Ok. So you put him to bed last night. So he was in his pajamas? And then you went to get him for school, he wasn’t there. Then you looked around for a bit?
Training is needed.
Compound questions (4)
The operator interprets precisely as a deceptive person wishes.
C: Yes
She allowed him the luxury of using only one word to answer 4 questions. The caller is not facilitating the flow of information to find the victim; who is not still…his “son.”
The victim has no title and has no name. The victim is not a “person” in this sense. This is not only extreme distancing, but likely insight into hostility felt towards the victim.

D: What time was he supposed to be at school?
C: Well, hedoesn’t go to school, butI had a doctor’s appointment this morning. When I got back from the doctor’s appointment, uh I checked in on him to say good morning. He wasn’t there,sothat would’ve been…
Narcissistic personality …possible sociopathic tendency of indifference (or guilt or both) – ‘the victim? What the victim might be going through right now? Fear, anguish, hungry, with a stranger? No, let’s talk about me.’
This is about the caller…who, along with the mother “has” a case on their minds; not the victim, who remains without a name or relationship title.

D: What time was that?
C: Between 8: 15-8:30
D: And have you check everywhere? Like under tables? Closets?
C: {unintelligible} closets, the basement, the garage.Everywhere.
The repeated words reduce sensitivity (parroting) yet it heightens the offered words of “basement” and “garage.”
Consider that the victim was wrapped in plastic (basement) and dumped in a shallow grave (shovel?)


D: What’s the child’s name?

He forced the question.

C: Uh, Andrew last name Freund. We call him AJ.
D: What’s the middle?
C: Uh, Thomas
D: Date of birth?
C: [redacted]
D: Is mom at the residence as well?
C: Yes
D: Ok and what’s your name, sir?
C: Uh, Andrew Sr
D: Ok. Do you have any pets in the house?
C: Yes.
D: Are they missing as well or no?
C: Nope.
D: Was any of the doors open?
C: No (sigh) [unintelligible] No outside doors or anything like that.
D: No doors or windows?
C: No
D: Officer’s pull up [unintelligible] now
C: Ok. Yeah, I see him
D: Just let me know, but you checked the house, right?
C: Yes. Yea. Yea, we’ve been through the house like
completely. Yea
D: Let me know when the officer’s at your door.
C: He’s here right now.

D: Ok. I’ll let you go.

Analysis Conclusion:

The technical truth told belies the deception beneath it.

The subject may be a child sexual abuser, himself. The "Sr."

defeated the "junior" from which the subject indicated distancing

language so severe, that contempt for his son is likely.


The indifference also speaks to chronic Neglect.



Like the Ramseys, they have an issue.
Like the McCanns, there is no concern expressed for the
victim.

For training in deception detection, visit Hyatt Analysis Services.

Thursday, 4 April 2019

William Tyrell Missing Emergency Call




Analysis by Lucia Delaney

I. The Transcript
II. The Transcript with Analysis

I. The Transcript

Operator: Police emergency, this is Simone.

Foster Mother: Yeah hi my son is missing, he's three and a half.
Operator: (inaudible)

Foster Mother: Umm sorry...
Operator: Your address?
Foster Mother: Benaroon Drive, Kendall.
Op: OK Benaroon drive in Kendall?
Foster Mother: Yes.

OP: Alright I'm just going to bring that up on my map I won't be a moment.

Foster Mother: Thank you.

Operator: How long has he been missing?

Foster Mother: I th... well, I think, well, we've been looking him for him now for about fifteen or twenty minutes but...

Operator: OK.

Foster Mother: Ah, I thought it could be five, it could be longer 'cause he was just playing around here we heard him and then we heard nothing.

Operator: OK, so I've got the nearest cross street being Ellendale crescent, is that right?

Foster Mother: Sorry, what is it?

Operator: Ellendale Crescent?

Foster Mother: I don't know my, this is my Mum's house... ah hang on, there's another lady out helping us look for him I'll see if I can find her but it's Benaroon B-E-N-A-R-double O-N.

Operator: Yeah I can see I can see where you are I just wanted yeah so, it was it's Benarron drive in Kendal and I've got, I've got your nearest cross street as being Ellendale Crsecent

Foster Mother: It could be I don't know.

Operator: OK. So he's been missing since about 10:30?

Foster Mother: Yeah I'd say so.

Operator: OK can you describe him to me how tall, obviously not very tall but approximately...

Foster Mother: No, he'd be about two and a half feet. He's wearing a Spider-man outfit...um.

Operator: What colour hair has he got?

Foster Mother: He's got um dark sandy coloured hair, it's short and he's got really big ah brownie/grey coloured eyes.

Operator: OK. Would he have had any shoes on do you know? Any other distinguishing features?

Foster Mother: Um, um, um he has oh he's got a freckle on the top of his head when you part the hair on the left hand side (Operator: yep) you'll see a freckle on the top of his head.

Operator: OK, alright. Do you know where he might have gone?

Foster Mother: Um, we're a li-, we actually live, well mother's property's near a State forest (Operator: OK) and they're on huge blocks. We've walked up and down Benaroon Drive and we can't find him.

Operator: OK, what's his name?

Foster Mother: William.

Operator: So what's William's surname?

Foster Mother: Ah Tyrrell T-Y-double R-E-double L.

Operator: OK has he been known to sort of go anywhere before...

Foster Mother: No, this is the first time, (Operator: The first time he's wandered off) completely out of character

Operator: There wasn't anyone um suspicious in the area? Any vehicles?

Foster Mother: No, no, no, no well not that I no not that I'm aware of. We were just, I was out there talking with my mum and my other daughter so...

Does the Foster Mother know characters she does not trust?

Operator: OK

Foster Mother: And we heard him roaring around the garden and, then I thought oh, I haven't heard him I better go check on him and I can't find him.

Operator: OK, alright, we'll send police to see you at Benaroon Drive in Kendall ( Foster Mother: inaudible) we'll also get um, the message broadcasted to all the cars to keep a look out for him as well OK?

Foster Mother: Yeah sure, thanks so much thanks bye bye.
Operator: Bye.

II. Statement With Analysis

Operator: Police emergency, this is Simone.

Foster Mother: Yeah hi my son is missing, he's three and a half.

The foster mother begins her emergency call with a greeting “Yeah hi.” This level of politeness is unexpected in an emergency call which is often described as a form of “excited utterance.”

a. "yeah" is a form of "yes" or agreement. We note that some will evidence a form of ingratiation; that is, to be seen on the side of law enforcement.

b. "hi" is a polite greeting-- it is not expected in the context of a missing child of a young age.

c. "yeah, hi"--- consider taken together is a pause. A pause indicates a need to think of what to say. This, too, in context, is not expected and can sometimes indicate scripted language where one is attempting to only say what has been pre-thought.


She also gives the boy an incomplete social introduction, mentioning his age, but not his name as she may be in a hurry to get the information out. That she uses the pronoun "my" shows that she is not attempting to distance herself from him.




Operator: (inaudible)

Foster Mother: Umm sorry...

We flag the word "sorry" for any cause. Some will use it out of politeness, while others may use it due to a form of guilt. We do not expect to hear it in an emergency call; no different than the expected impolite hastening to facilitate the flow of information to the police.

One may be "sorry" due to criminal guilt, but also one may be "sorry" due to failure to protect.

Some children do go missing where the parent or caretaker who is making the emergency call indicate guilt due to neglect or failure to protect, rather than criminal guilt.

For example, if a mother or caretaker was watching television rather than watching the child, and the child is abducted, the mother may show signals of guilt that is not due to the abduction.

In one case, a man was deceptive about his young toddler who wandered off but was murdered by a pedophile on the block.

He was deceptive due to substance abuse, passed out on the couch, while the child was able to let herself out of the house.


Operator: Your address?

Foster Mother: Benaroon Drive, Kendall.
Op: OK Benaroon drive in Kendall?
Foster Mother: Yes.

OP: Alright I'm just going to bring that up on my map I won't be a moment.

Foster Mother: Thank you.

Operator: How long has he been missing?

Foster Mother: I th... well, I think, well, we've been looking him for him now for about fifteen or twenty minutes but...

Here we see self censoring.

The child is not her biological child, which sets the context of the call for us, along with the child's age, level of self protection he is capable of, any illness or disabilities (special needs) and so on.

At the date reported missing, he was 3 years, 3 months old; incapable of survival, protection or caring for self.


She began with "I", but then needed a pause ("well") and then a weak commitment, ("I think") and then she moved to the plural ("we've") after another pause ("well").

This caller does not want to be psychologically "alone" with the information.

Operator: OK.

The operator should not interrupt, ask compound questions, nor finish the subject's sentences.

Foster Mother: Ah, I thought it could be five, it could be longer 'cause he was just playing around here we heard him and then we heard nothing.

Operator: OK, so I've got the nearest cross street being Ellendale crescent, is that right?

Foster Mother: Sorry, what is it?

Operator: Ellendale Crescent?

Foster Mother: I don't know my, this is my Mum's house... ah hang on, there's another lady out helping us look for him I'll see if I can find her but it's Benaroon B-E-N-A-R-double O-N.

Operator: Yeah I can see I can see where you are I just wanted yeah so, it was it's Benarron drive in Kendal and I've got, I've got your nearest cross street as being Ellendale Crsecent

Foster Mother: It could be I don't know.

Operator: OK. So he's been missing since about 10:30?

Foster Mother: Yeah I'd say so.

Operator: OK can you describe him to me how tall, obviously not very tall but approximately...

Foster Mother: No, he'd be about two and a half feet. He's wearing a Spider-man outfit...um.

Operator: What colour hair has he got?

Foster Mother: He's got um dark sandy coloured hair, it's short and he's got really big ah brownie/grey coloured eyes.

Operator: OK. Would he have had any shoes on do you know? Any other distinguishing features?

Foster Mother: Um, um, um he has oh he's got a freckle on the top of his head when you part the hair on the left hand side (Operator: yep) you'll see a freckle on the top of his head.

Operator: OK, alright. Do you know where he might have gone?

Foster Mother: Um, we're a li-, we actually live, well mother's property's near a State forest (Operator: OK) and they're on huge blocks. We've walked up and down Benaroon Drive and we can't find him.

Operator: OK, what's his name?

Foster Mother: William.

Operator: So what's William's surname?

Foster Mother: Ah Tyrrell T-Y-double R-E-double L.

Operator: OK has he been known to sort of go anywhere before...

Foster Mother: No, this is the first time, (Operator: The first time he's wandered off) completely out of character

Operator: There wasn't anyone um suspicious in the area? Any vehicles?

Foster Mother: No, no, no, no well not that I no not that I'm aware of. We were just, I was out there talking with my mum and my other daughter so...

The question produced a halting or repetition on the word "no", which increases the import of the question.

This sensitivity could be due to knowingly associating with suspicious persons.

We also have the concern regarding Neglect.


Operator: OK

Foster Mother: And we heard him roaring around the garden and, then I thought oh, I haven't heard him I better go check on him and I can't find him.



Not she saw him or she heard him, but "we" and "we" only "heard" him; which tells us that this was not eyes on supervision of a young child.

It is similar to a Hina Clause where the subject feels the need to explain why she went out to check on him. This is very sensitive information.

Operator: OK, alright, we'll send police to see you at Benaroon Drive in Kendall ( Foster Mother: inaudible) we'll also get um, the message broadcasted to all the cars to keep a look out for him as well OK?

Foster Mother: Yeah sure, thanks so much thanks bye bye.
Operator: Bye

Notes:


Next she says “ummm sorry” and later says “Sorry” a second time during this relatively short call. The word sorry tends to enter the language either of the polite, or the guilty during an emergency call. This is noted.


Then the mother says “Thank you” to the operator, who is performing his job. Together with her unexpected greeting at the outset of the call, we begin to question whether this mother has a need to ingratiate herself with authorities.


To the question of how long he has been missing, she responds with halting, broken sentences, switching pronouns (I, I, We), and a lack of conviction. The question of the time he went missing is very sensitive to her. She reports how long “we’ve” been searching for him, rather than how long he has been missing. She does not wish to be alone in the boy going missing. She does return to his question with “I thought it could be five, it could be longer.” Without being asked , she reports the reason why, “cause he was just playing around here.” She is preempting the question of why she isn’t sure how long her son has been missing, adding to the sensitivity of timing.


She returns to using the pronoun “we”, which is often an attempt to share guilt or responsibility. “We heard him and then we heard nothing.” And then is a skipping over of time, which can indicate missing information. She expands on it later in the call “we heard him roaring around the garden and then, I thought oh I haven’t heard him”. Her choice of the word roaring causes me to wonder if he was too loud for her. Could it be a subtle form of disparaging her missing son? The operator, still trying to elicit a timeline from her, offers “So he’s been missing since about 10:30?” ,and the mother takes him up on it, “yeah I’d say so”. Is she thinking of someone else who might say differently?


This mother still has not called her foster son by his name, nor has she come out and asked for help in finding him. Nor has she indicated any concern for him. The operator, still attempting to pull facts from her, has to ask for his name. When asked to describe him, the mother goes into some detail about his hair and his eyes. Asked for any other distinguishing features she also describes something on his head “he’s got a freckle on the top of his head when you part the hair (why not his hair? Is this distancing language?) on the left hand side you’ll see a freckle on the top of his head.” And she repeats it, making that important to her. She chooses these details to report all relating to his head. This is what is on her mind. Did something happen to his head that is related to his disappearance? Was he making noise, but something happened to stop him from making noise?


When asked if she knows where he may have gone, she starts to report (again in halting, broken sentences) where they live instead. By not answering, she shows sensitivity to that question as well. She then describes her mother’s property and reports “We’ve walked up and down Benaroon Drive and we can’t find him.” Then, only in response to a direct question, does she finally state her son’s name.


When asked if there was anyone suspicious or vehicles in the area she responds “No, no, no, no” repeating it four times. But then backpedals into “well not that I no not that I’m aware of. We were just, I was” . This kind of confusion of pronouns is not natural. Pronouns are instinctive and we do not make mistakes with them. This question was also very sensitive to her.


Then she reports, without being asked, the reason why she went to check on William in the garden. “And then (again, there is possibly missing information here) I thought oh I haven’t heard him, I better go check on him and I can’t find him.”


To the operator’s promise to send police and broadcast his description she responds “Yeah sure. Thanks so much. Thanks. Bye bye.” Again being very polite and ending with a social “bye bye” rather than just ending the call.


Conclusion:


The foster mother has a need to ingratiate herself with the operator, but only gives out information piece by piece, in response to questions. She never asked for help for William. She did not work with the operator to facilitate the flow of information for the victim's benefit.


The foster mother’s linguistic disposition towards William is neutral at best, making it negative in the context of her three year old son going missing.


She is withholding information about his disappearance in her emergency call.

She indicates guilty knowledge about what happened.

It could be being deceptive due to Neglect, regarding the length of time she left William outside unsupervised; perhaps fearing she will be blamed for that.

She may be withholding something more incriminating, including known associations.

http://statement-analysis.blogspot.com/

Saturday, 30 March 2019

Analysis: 911: Shirley Carter Murder



Jason Carter was found Not Guilty in his murder trial where he was accused of killing his 67 year old mother, Shirley Carter.

Does his 911 call affirm this verdict?



Previously, he had been found responsible for her death in a civil suit.

Here is his 911 call with notes from a team of analysts.

911 or Emergency Calls use the same methodology of Statement Analysis. In essence, they are the "first interviews" of a case and vital for investigators.

The expectation remains the same: a form of 'excited utterance' in which the subject (caller) facilities the flow of information in order to gain assistance.

Like all interviews, the interviewer (here, the 911 operator) will be given a sense that the subject is either working with police to facilitate the flow of information, or the subject is not.

Trauma in Language.

Trauma and natural denial (familiar assault/death) are expected within the language. Trauma will hinder the processing of information, as revealed in language. Processing takes place within time, therefore a natural (family) resistance and/or denial is often seen within the language of emergency calls.

Sensitivity:

What do sensitivity indicators reveal in an emergency call?

Sensitivity indicators reveal the thought process, including disruption, importance, anxiety, clarity, effort, and so on, in the rapid processing of information from the brain to the tongue.

The legal phrase, 'excited utterance' speaks to the expectation that there is no pre thought necessary when reporting an emergency. A truthful person will blurt out what he discovers. The truthful person will tell us what he found, what happened, what he saw, what was said, etc.

This is why we highlight, as very sensitive, the "rule of the Negative" in which a person tells us what did not happen, what was not seen, what was not known, etc, in an open statement. Pre-emption of a question not asked, is acutely sensitive information.

Objection: of course this is sensitive; he just found his mother dead or dying.

Answer: The sensitivity indicators do not identify the topic; but identify the specific words that cause sensitivity.

The expectation is:

"My mother is bleeding" or "My mother has been shot", or anything close to this, as the priority and theme of the call.

When help is asked, we seek to learn context.

If a subject asks for help for himself, this is appropriate if the subject is conducting first aid to the victim.

Linguistic Disposition:

This is a form of advanced analysis that is used in psycho-linguistic profiling and in identifying the author of anonymous threatening letters.

It seeks to learn what the subject's disposition is towards:

a. the victim
b. others in the statement
c. the assailant, whether identified or not as it is presupposed
d. the recipient; both intended and unintended



Check Lists, while useful for attention to potential sensitivity indicators for the untrained, do not yield consistent success in application.

These are the notes from the team analysis.

This is a public case with public information used, including the transcript.

For training in deception detection, or to host a seminar, view Hyatt Analysis Services

****************************************************************************

D: 911 what is your emergency?


JC: Yeah heh…I…I need uh…I need…I need a ambulance fast.



D: Okay what...to what address?

JC: (UNINTELLIGIBLE) a 132 Perry Street. It’s BILL CARTER



and I…I’m his son



and my mom,


my mom’s laying here on the floor,



blood…there’s blood everywhere and she’s dead and I don’t know what happened.



D: Okay how old’s your mother?

JC: What?



D: How old is your mother BILL?


JC: I think she’s sixty-seven.

D: Okay is she inside the house or outside?

JC: She was…she’s laying here on the kitchen floor.



D: Okay and this is…

.

JC: There’s blood all over the floor (UNINTELLIGIBLE) I don’t know what hap…


D: Okay BILL I’m sending an ambulance to ya. Let me double check the address that’s 132 Perry Street in Pleasantville correct?

JC: It’s Lacona, Iowa.


D: It’s in Lacona?

JC: 132 Perry Street, Lacona.

D: Okay…okay BILL what’s your…

JC: It looks like you’ve been laying here (UNINTELLIGIBLE) uh…two hours, heh…what happened…



there’s a hole through the floor and into the refrigerator,



I don’t know if she was trying to…I don’t get what happened.



D: You said there’s a hole through the floor and the refrigerator?

JC: Yes.

D: Okay.

JC: And she’s laying (sobbing) in a pool of blood.



It was…she’s still (UNINTELLIGIBLE) I don’t get it. I dropped in…




D: Okay, okay, uh…I’m gonna ahead and send the officers and deputies and the ambulance to the house there so we can help you okay?

JC: (UNINTELLIGIBLE) …okay…

D: They’re already on the way okay, it’ll be just a…just moment here okay?

JC: Okay.

D: All right BILL I’m gonna go ahead and let you go.

JC: Bye.

D: Mm bye.



The Analysis Notes


D: 911 what is your emergency?

This is the best question to ask. An open ended question is legally sound and it allows the subject to choose his own words and begin where he thinks he should.


JC: Yeah hey…I…I need uh…I need…I need a ambulance fast.


a. “yeah” is agreement. We should consider the possibility of Ingratiation. If this is the case, the caller (subject) has a need to ingratiate or “agree” with the 911 operator (police, authority) where no agreement or unity is needed. By itself, it is not an indicator of guilt, yet it could point to possible guilt and the need to portray oneself as the “good guy”, working with police. The need to make such a portrayal as helpful, unified or “good” to police often indicates to the contrary.

b. “yeah”is also a pause. This indicates he needs time to slow down to consider what he is going to say. It is “sensitive”to him. What causes this sensitivity? Trauma may produce this. Deception may produce this.

c. Question: is the caller on the autism spectrum?

d. “hey” or “heh” – is this similar to a greeting? Any greeting is sensitive and is consistent with Ingratiation.

e. “heh” is not a greeting, is still a pause after a pause. (increase of sensitivity)

f. After two pauses (sensitivity) the subject stutters on the pronoun “I” leading us to ask, “Is he a stutterer?” If he is not a stutterer, consider the halting on the pronoun “I” often indicates anxiety. For the subject, reporting what happened, has increased tension and/or anxiety.

g. “I need” tells us that the subject has a need.

h. Whatever is repeated, is an increase in importance (sensitive). We note –not the topic of repetition, but the words.

i. “I”is used four times, with “I need” used three times.

j. Incomplete sentences often indicate self censoring.

k. Why is he in need of an ambulance? Has he performed emergency first aid? If he did not use emergency first aid, his “need” is different than the victim’s need for medical intervention.

l. “uh”In the midst of his “need”, he has another pause with “uh”

m. The additional pause indicates increased sensitivity over what words to choose.

n. The sensitivity is regarding his “need.” As he repeats about self (“I”) he repeats about what he “needs”, which indicates high sensitivity, he still has a need to pause.

o. What does he need? “A ambulance”

p. Note that he does not say that the victim is in need of the ambulance. ("fast" noted)

q. In the extreme quickness of brain processing, the subject has told us that he is in need. If he has administered first aid and continues to do so, his “need” is contextually appropriate.

r. If he has not called 911 immediately, his “need” is for himself; not the victim. In statement analysis, we trust the subject to guide us to the truth. He, himself, is in "need"; not the victim, in spite of the incongruence of "fast" when reporting the victim as dead.

s. This leads us to questions, including: What does he need? Does the caller (subject) consider himself as a “victim” in his verbalized perception of reality?

t. As to the possibility that the caller sees himself as a “victim”, we look to see if the words he chooses address this.

u. “fast” is natural human urgency – it is appropriate in context of an emergency call. If he is running out of time in his attempt to save her life, “fast” is contextually appropriate.

v. “fast” – There is no expectation that police would delay; therefore, we ask what might have produced this unnecessary word. Did the subject delay or not move “fast” for the victim? (Outside information: Please note that the media reported that he did not call 911 “fast” or immediately, but called his sister first). “Fast”is a response that it the opposite of what he did.

w. Incongruence: the imperative of “fast” does not fit with the need to pause – was this an artificial edit? Was this a projection of guilt from having not gone “fast” in making an immediate call for help for the victim?

x. Focus of the caller to this point is himself; not the victim, which is causing the increase in anxiety (if he is not a stutterer)



D: Okay what...to what address?

a. The operator gives indication of the awkwardness of the caller’s imperative for “fast” as he has not told the operator what the ambulance is needed for, nor who is the victim in need. He has told 911 what he, himself, needs. If urgency exists, why not help facilitate the flow of information? Example: “My mom is bleeding on the floor, help!” or something similar?






JC: (UNINTELLIGIBLE) a 132 Perry Street. It’s BILL CARTER

a. Pause? (“a”)
b. Address appropriately given
c. “It’s Bill Carter”

Is “It’s Bill Carter” the identity of the caller?

This introduction of “it’s” is similar to one in which the recipient (911 operator) would know or recognize who “Bill Carter” is.

*Is the caller, “Bill Carter”known enough that the operator would recognize his name, with subsequent recognition of the location?

*Did the caller think that by naming his father it would help expedite the ambulance to the proper location?


If so, “Bill Carter” as the caller, it would be appropriate.

We allow the subject’s words, including the order, to guide us.

We recognize from the context of the transcript, that Bill Carter is not the caller.


Is “It’s Bill Carter” the identity of the victim?

Is “It’s Bill Carter” the identity of the perpetrator?

Is the caller seeking to implicate his father, Bill Carter?

Why the pronoun “it” here? Location expectation known?

What caused the subject to name “Bill Carter” on this call?

What caused the subject to name “Bill Carter” on a call that warranted pause and stutter?

Whoever “Bill Carter” is, we note the quality of the introduction is “incomplete” – this may be due to the operator recognizing the name.

d. In Statement Analysis, we note the order of people named in a statement, whether written or verbal, as indicative of priority. The order thus far is Self (Caller) and now “Bill Carter.”

He identifies himself first, then “Bill Carter”, yet from whom in the introduction, there is no relationship; yet:


and I…I’m his son


A second stutter on the pronoun “I” is noted;

The caller makes his connection with his father; not the victim, as a priority. The “mom” enters lower on the priority, as if an afterthought.

Father:

The order in a 911 call speaks to priority. The first words his brain produced are noted. He has a need.
Next, he was asked a direct question and he answered it appropriately. Yet, he went “outside the boundary” of the question (address) making this information very important to him.

Q. What was so important to him that he addressed it in an unrelated question?

Q. What was it that caused him to offer this information before he address the victim’s need?

Q. Is the subject attempting to blame his father?

A. We look for this answer in the statement, and if not answered here, than in the investigatory process.

“I…I’m his son”

The caller identifies himself, not as the victim’s son, nor by his own name, but by the father’s name.

Expected: the caller would be, as biological child, most associated with the victim.



and my mom,

The victim is his mom; the focus remains upon himself; not the victim, her status, suffering, condition. “Mom” is not yet a victim; nothing is wrong. “Mom” does not need an ambulance; the caller does.

Mom is also “ISI” (incomplete social introduction explored)




We now follow what the caller tells us about the victim, in his order, using his language –

She is

1. “my mom”
2. She is “laying hereon the floor”


my mom’s laying here on the floor,

This is what we know so far from him.


1. “my mom”
2. She is “laying hereon the floor”
3. “blood…there’s blood everywhere”

He does not say “my mom is bleeding” nor does he say whose blood it is.

What is the emergency?
a. His need
b. His need for an ambulance
c. My mom
d. Laying here on the floor
e. Blood, there’s blood everywhere

Note fixation on blood can be associated with experiential knowledge -specifically with the blood, itself. Note the depersonalizing via passivity.

Priority and priorities:

He has not gotten to the emergency—the question itself, thus far, has been avoided.

We expected

“What is your emergency?” to be answered by “my mom is bleeding!” in any form.


blood…there’s blood everywhere

“blood” and then “there’s blood everywhere” is a continuum of time.

This leads us to ask

“Did the caller witness his mother bleed to death?”

This presupposes the passage of time, which has been noted in the pace and specific language.


Compare“here” to the blood“everywhere” leading to the question, Did the subject move the body?
Was the subject present for the attack that caused the blood to be “everywhere” while “mom” is “here” (close)?





and she’s dead

This is what we know so far from him.


1. “my mom”
2. She is “laying here on the floor” (location)
3. “blood…there’s blood everywhere” (blood before status)
4. “and she’s dead” is the fourth point of his priority yet he is not finished:


and I don’t know what happened.

Please note that he was not asked this question. This is, in a sense, the "hina clause" of the highest sensitivity.


In his priority, he needs them to know what he does not know: “I don’t know what happened” is very important to him.

Watch the pattern of self:

“I need” is repeated and with anxiety – his need.
She is “my mom” with emphasis upon self, at the point where she is not identified as a victim.

Mom’s body posture is given using psychological and/or physical closeness

“I don't know what happened” is unnecessary and preemptive language. It is about him, not about “mom”, nor his father.

In Statement Analysis, “pre-emptive” indicates the subject anticipates being asked and is stressed by it, so he offers it first, which reduces his own internal stress.

The call began with linguistic focus of concern about self, and he needed it “fast” (urgency) yet “she’s dead”

The subject has a need to tell police that he does not know what happened. This is not expected.

Expected:

1. Express the emergency (“Mom is bleeding”)
2. Expression relationship and situational denial: not acceptance of death which takes either time or a sensory “overload” such as the smell of decomposition or physical sight of rigor mortis

We hold to the expectation that a truthful person can only tell us what they know; what they see. Those who have a need to tell us, without being questioned, what did not happen, what they did not see, hear, experience, or know, are going beyond the boundaries of the interview (call). Since he does know what happened, he takes us back to the word "fast." He'd like us to embrace the narrative or portrayal of an emergency, hence the use of the word “fast”, which directs attention away from himself. Yet, he cannot help but focus upon self;

“I need”;

“I’m his son”

“my mom”

This is a divertive technique to portray an emergency. The caller has has gone beyond familiar and expected denial that a son will exhibit and has shown the conclusion of the matter. He has processed her death in his mind, allowing him to verbalize the finality.

This may occur under the following conditions:

1. Guilty knowledge—the subject knows of the death, including pre meditation, pre planning or actual cause
2. Some time has passed to allow the brain to process and accept her death. A delay between seeing her in this state and making this call may have taken place.
3. Undeniable Sensory Overload where the subject experiences something that disallows or nullifies natural human denial. This may include Decomposition, Rigor Mortis, Dismemberment or major injury.

Natural denial is expected where even blood flow is attempted to be stopped.


D: Okay how old’s your mother?

JC: What?

*Did he hear her?

Guilty callers are often caught off guard by questions they were unprepared for – if the caller has taken the time to rehearse or pre think (note pauses above), he may not have anticipated this question.





D: How oldisyour mother BILL?

Note the present tense language used by the operator after being told that the victim was dead. This is an example of natural human denial, even while not being a relative.


JC: I thinkshe’s sixty-seven.

D: Okay is she inside the house or outside?

JC: She was…she’s laying hereon the kitchen floor.

Self editing where he changes after starting “She was…” which is past tense, and moves to present “she’s laying” and location which is close “here”; which could be psychological, physical (geographical) or both.

Question: The self editing (censoring) causes us to ask Where was she earlier, before she was “here”?”

This leads to What happened prior to the time she ended up on laying on the floor?

Was there an argument?

He stopped himself indicating to us that there is missing information.

The repetition of “laying” (3x) may suggest that he moved her or caused her to be there.
Consider this with the unnecessary addition of “I don’t know what happened…”



D: Okay and this is…



JC: There’s blood all over the floor(UNINTELLIGIBLE) I don’t know what hap…

The repetition speaks to his need to persuade or establish innocence. This is consistent with “staying to script” –affirmed by the need to consider (pause) earlier.



D:Okay BILL I’m sending an ambulance to ya. Let me double check the address that’s 132 Perry Street in Pleasantville correct?

JC:It’s Lacona, Iowa.


D: It’s in Lacona?

JC: 132 Perry Street, Lacona.

D: Okay…okay BILL what’s your…

Please note that the caller does not correct the operator addressing him by his father’s name. Please consider that the father’s name was the first name he used in this emergency call.

JC:It looks like you’vebeen laying here(UNINTELLIGIBLE) uh…two hours, heh…what happened…

Is he talking to the victim?
Even if the victim is still alive, the neutral disposition of the language, in context, should be considered indifferent, cold, calloused.

Note the time frame: “two hours” is unexpected. Due to “unintelligible” wording, it is not known what produced it, yet it is consistent with analysis of the “pace” of the statement in which the subject slows it down and accepts her death. The analysis indicates that a passing of time has taken place for the subject.


there’s a hole through the floor and into the refrigerator,

Note the careful observations here would have taken timeto make and to process.

This may also be consistent with some form of movement (see “here”) above by the victim.

Consider that he had the need to report three times that he did not know what happened while now he is giving a possible insightful description of what happened.


I don’t know if she was tryingto…I don’t get what happened.

It is likely that something took place prior to her “laying here” on the floor that the subject is aware of, and here, telling us what she may have been /:trying” to do is to affirm this point of analysis.
The third statement that he does not know what happened is noted. Investigators: if he has not been accused of knowing by the time of this call, this is unnecessary repetitive language that suggests guilty knowledge.


expected: there's a hole inthe floor; there’s a hole inthe refrigerator. The words "through" and "into" lean to experiential or sensory language—does the subject care more about material items than his mother?

The items have holes in them.
The mother’s blood did not pour or spill. It was not “her” blood. He used the passive, “there’s blood” but not her blood.

Is the subject materialistic? Jealous of father’s success? Did mother bring argument?

Earlier question: Was the subject using the language of trauma?
Answer: No. He is giving details of what happened while asserting to not know what happened.

Note: the subject may be concerned about the forensics of the investigation and may be offering these details (“I don’t know what happened”) in order to be seen as “helpful”, which is consistent with “ingratiation” into the investigation.

D: You said there’s a hole through the floor and the refrigerator?

JC:Yes.

D: Okay.

JC:And she’s laying(sobbing) in a pool of blood.


It was…she’s still (UNINTELLIGIBLE) I don’t get it. I dropped in…

“It was” is censored and tells us something else happened prior that he is aware of.
Note the continued (and unnecessary) claims of ignorance.
Note that he may be referencing time “I dropped in…” or the need to explain why he was at the home.

We do not know what to make of “two hours” other than to note the passing of time is consistent in the language and in the pace of information. Time has passed and the time has been significant enough for him to process (accept) her death.

The emphasis upon “blood” shows a disconnect from his mother (two separate entities) which is unexpected and a possible indicator of having caused the bloodshed.

D:Okay, okay, uh…I’m gonna ahead and send the officers and deputies and the ambulance to the house there so we can help you okay?

JC: (UNINTELLIGIBLE) …okay…

D:They’re already on the way okay, it’ll be just a…just moment here okay?

JC: Okay.

D:All right BILL I’m gonna go ahead and let you go.

JC: Bye.

D: Mm bye.


Analysis Conclusion: Deception Indicated

Question: Did police have appropriate reason, based solely upon this call, to suspect him in the shooting death of his mother?

Answer: Yes

Question: Is the subject telling all he knows about what happened to his mother?

Answer: No

This is 90% or more of deception: deliberately withheld information rather than outright fabrication of reality.


The subject is not likely to pass a polygraph if administered with his own wording.
Peter Hyatt as Peter Hyatt

http://statement-analysis.blogspot.com/2019/03/analysis-911-shirley-carter-murder.html

Wednesday, 3 October 2018

Isabel Celis Murder: The 911 Call




The following is analysis notes by 3 teams of analysts who were asked to seek error in the original analysis from 2012.

They were told that a suspect has been indicted in the murder of Isabel Celis and the original analysis concluded deception.

The teams began with this audio of the 911 call. Although Statement Analysis does not analyze voice inflection, this particular case is considered an exception due to the inclusion of laughter by the caller.

They analyzed the call itself, and finally, they analyzed a video interview taken shortly after the abduction. Their comments and conclusion follows the video.



Dispatcher:911 what's your emergency?

Sergio Celis: I want to report a missing person ,my little girl who's six years old, I believe she was abducted from our house.

a. “I”psychological presence in his desire or “want” to report a missing “person”
b. “want” creates subtle distance – he does not say “my daughter is missing!” but expresses a “want” for himself.
c. “person” is gender neutral; does he want to make a “missing persons report” and if so, is this how he sees the victim? “Missing Person” suggests process; waiting, searching, etc. Formality?
d. “my little girl” is ISI and is not his daughter
e. “believe” is a weak assertion; is it appropriately weak or inappropriately weak?
f. “abduction” is a conclusion; to have a conclusion indicates the subject has processed the information about the “missing person”
g. “abduction” is for a reason
h. “abduction” can be violent
i. Could “abduction” be a parent’s worst nightmare? We look for this question to be answered in the statement. Either it will be affirmed (+), negated (-) or unaddressed (0)
j. Does the subject have any connection to Mexico, where abduction is common? How long has he been in the U.S.? If long term, connection to Mexico may be lessened or non existent.
k. She was “abducted” from “our” house.

Context: It is “our” house (shared) while his little girl is “abducted”, or while a “person” is missing.




Dispatcher: What's the address?
Sergio: 57 or 5602 E. 12th Street.
Dispatcher: Okay. Stay on the line for Tucson Police.
Sergio: I will.

Dispatcher: Tucson Police Department, Gabhart




Sergio: Hello, I need to report a uh, missing child.

The word “child” is related to risk.
The subject has a “need” – what is the need? Generally, when a caller has a “need”, it is about self and it is immediate. Exception: when a caller has a need for immediate first aid; such as a nurse calling for instruction on how to stop bleeding. The caller is giving immediate and temporary medical care that must be done at the moment.

“auh” pause = sensitivity
The “person” became “my little girl” and now is “a (pause) missing child.”

What changed in reality?
Is the subject working from script?


I believe she was abductedfrom my house.

What has changed from his first line?
a. He has a “need” rather than a “want”
b. Our house is now my house and the victim is a “child.”
c. “believe” is weak assertion; it is appropriate (guess work, his deepest fear) or is it inappropriate because he has evidence of an “abduction”?
d. It is now “his” house (possession) and the missing person is “a” child; not his child.



Dispatcher: Okay. How old?
Sergio: Six years old.
Dispatcher: Okay is it your daughter or?

This question should have not been necessary.

Sergio: Yes

No further info offered. She is not in his house.

Dispatcher: Why do you think she abducted?

He has reported her “abducted” and he has repeated this claim while she was:
a. A missing person
b. My little girl
c. A missing child

The change of language of the victim corelated with the change in ownership of the house.

Context: the biological father of a missing 6 year old has stated his belief that an abduction (not kidnapping, nor missing) has taken place. The natural question follows: Why do you think such a thing?
“Abduction” goes to the conclusion of the initial mystery. This means the subject must either be familiar with abductions (Mexico?), have thought it through (time to process) or has direct evidence of an abduction (ransom note). His priority is his want/need to report an abduction. As part of his priority, it must be for a reason.


Sergio: I have no idea.


Biological father claims to have “no idea” why he went to the conclusion of “abduction” twice. It is very difficult to believe someone claiming to have “no idea” after an assertion. It becomes even more challenging if that assertion was repeated with a change of language.

If “abduction” was in his mind due to no connection to abductions, Mexico, guilty knowledge, etc, but was due to a parent’s worst nightmare, how could he now claim to have no idea, as the bio dad?

This expression is sometimes used when we are lazy minded or if we do not wish to share our idea. Given the context of a bio dad reporting his daughter missing, the former is not indicated.

What caused his thinking to begin with a conclusion of the matter? What processing of thought brought him to “abduction” and immediately to “no idea”?

Why “abduction” rather than “someone took my daughter!”?

We woke up this morning and went to go get her up, start her baseball game and she's gone.

After expressing that he had “no idea” why he reported to the police an “abduction”, the first word he uses is the plural “we.”

Question: Who is the "we" here that woke up and "went to" do something? Please see the information on when his wife left.

We wokeup this morning and went to goget herup, start her baseball game and she's gone.

a. “we”to describe the state of waking up; not that “he” woke up. This is not expected. We expect the biological father to tell us what he did. This is his child and his phone call. The need to be with “others” is acute.
b. “woke up”; this is often associated with alibi building. He could not be involved because he would have to be sleeping (he did not say he was sleeping) in order to “wake” up. We want him to tell us what he did, what he saw, and what he thinks. Alibi building as a priority should be explored.
c. “this morning” is unnecessary and suggests passing of time. This should be a call being made literally moments after seeing her not in her bed. Recall that “abduction” takes time to process.
d. Hina Clause: here he tells the police dispatch why “we” went to her room. This is unnecessaryand very sensitive information. He also does not want to be “alone” with going to her room. Police investigators nor Dispatch would have thought to ask a parent, “why did you go into her room?” unless he had triggered this question by preempting it.
e. “went to go” is intention and it slows down the pace. Did he actually go in? If “we” woke up and “we” went in, did both parents? He uses intention and does so in the plural, without reporting what he actually did.
f. and she's gone. This is to move into “passive voice” which is not a grammatical term, but a psychological term. We look to see not only the employment of passivity, but of a atmosphere of distancing language. The subject is not reporting, “someone took her”, or “the kidnapper took her” or even “Isabel was abducted by a stranger!”
It removes all human responsibility for this action.

Passivity example:

“I opened the door, turned on the light, and there she was.” John Ramsey


We woke up this morning and went to go get her up, start her baseball game and she's gone.

This is a linguistic lack of urgency. It is not a commentary on his voice inflection. He is slowing down the pace, and he is scanning over time. He begins with his own alibi, flags time (“this morning”) moves to intention, explains why, without being asked, of his intention, and ends in passive voice.

No human being is associated with the
abduction. This is his verbalized perception of reality.

We cannot interpret. Who is the "we" that intended to "go get her up" here?

Why is intention used, and not what he and his wife (?) actually did?

This is evasive and is counting upon us to interpret that he and his wife went to Isabel's room to wake her, but she was not there. It is not, however, what he said.

“…went to go get her”; the victim does not yet have a name.

"go" additional unnecessary word, creating another point of psychological distance and to slow the pace of the interview.

We wokeup this morning and ( ) went to go get herup, start her baseball game and she's gone


No human responsibility associated with this. This is a psychological passivity we note.

Why would a father believe there is an “abduction” without an “abductor”?

She is not “missing” but she is “gone.” This is indefinite and it is consistent with his interview in which he gives indefinite response to searching result.

We woke up and went to go get her…the subject is not alone in his waking up, nor in his intention reported.



I woke up my, my sons, I, we looked everywhere in the house and my oldest son noticed her window was wide open and the screen was laying the backyard. We've looked all around the house, my son…"

a. In the description towards the victim, it is the subject and someone else (“we”) that “went to go get her”; but in waking “my my sons”, the subject is alone. He begins his sentence with the pronoun “I” (strong). He alone woke up the boys.
b. Stuttering on pronouns
c. Change of pronoun “I, we”

and my oldest son noticed her window was wide open and the screen was laying the backyard

a. “noticed” is sometimes used when a person is anticipating or has looked for something. Did not “we” (mom and dad?) notice when they went “to go get her” that her window was “wide open” for their missing child? The subject may be attempting to describe “happenstance” and for his son to experience it. If the son was out searching, "noticed" or happenstance, is not likely given the location (the victim's bathroom). It would be a stand out. This is the subject's verbalized perception; not the son's.
b. “laying” is an inanimate object with human body posture. This is often seen when a subject has had physical contact with the inanimate object.
c. Our subject had to be sleeping, in order to wake up, and his son “noticed” the window “wide open” and the screen “laying”;

If the subject wishes for police to interpret him as “sleeping”, rather than stating it, the subject also may wish for police to interpret the “chance happening” of “noticing” the window wide open.

Victim still without a name.

Did not “we” notice it when the child was “gone” from her room that the window was "wide" open and the screen out of it?

The human body posture assigned to an inanimate object is often from a subject who physically handled the object.

"The drugs were sitting on the coffee table" is an indication that by giving "drugs" a human body posture, the subject (speaker) handled them.

"The gun was lying on the ground..."

Inanimate objects with human connection to subjects is key.

Before his son “noticed”, we have this:

“ we looked everywhere in the house” and then

“We've looked all around the house, my son…"

What about in Isabel's room?

Looking all around the house, it was only then that his son “noticed” that the window was wide open and the screen was “laying.”

He had already concluded “she’s gone” prior. Note finality.

I woke up my, my sons, I, we looked everywhere in the house and my oldest son noticed her window was wide open and the screen was laying the backyard. We've looked all around the house, my son…"

With the human connection to the screen, by the subject, as well as the happenstance word, “notice”, we ask:

“Did the subject direct his son to the location where he would find the screen?”

Please consider that the father (“we”) went to go get her, stated she was gone: would he not have seen the window “wide” open and the screen out? Did he orchestrate “another witness” to this, in his son?

Leakage? Besides the physical connection to the screen, what else or who else was “laying” on the ground or elsewhere?

We've looked all around the house, my son…"


Dispatcher: Okay, hang on.

(Dispatch interrupts him)

Sergio:…are running, yeah, my sons are running around the house looking for her.

a. “yeah” is to agree (“yes”) that they are making an effort to “look for her”
b. Is this a “need to persuade” how helpful and diligent they are?
c. “running” is repeated (sensitive) showing urgency. We would not think they were not in earnest or urgency in context.




Dispatcher: the screen was on the ground outside?

The detail about it lying and being "noticed" is not lost on the dispatcher.

Sergio: Yes

No further info given, including not reporting this immediately when he made the call.

One should consider if the subject sent his son out to find the screen. This appears to be as much alibi building as his “we woke up” statement.



Dispatcher: What's her address?
Sergio: 5602 E. 12th Street.
Dispatcher: What's your name sir?
Sergio: My name is Sergio, S-E-R-G-I-O, middle initial D, last name is C-E-L-I-S,
Dispatcher: I-S as in Sam?
Sergio: Yes.
Dispatcher: Okay, what's her name?
Sergio: Isabel, I-S-B-E-L, uh, I-S-A-B-E-L, M as in manis the middle initial

Misspelling of his “little girl” name;
Note when using an example for “M”, he went to “man.”

Compare this misspelling to the details on the vehicle to follow.

Consider this in the context of abduction.

Dispatcher: Okay, same last name?

Sergio: Yes.
Dispatcher: Okay what's her actual birth date?

What caused the Dispatcher to ask if the victim was his daughter and now to ask for the “actual” birthdate? What might the dispatcher been comparing this to? The dispatcher is likely having issues with the caller's credibility. This began with "missing person" missing "child" and "abduction" that he had "no idea" why he thought so.

Sergio: Is(removed by TPD), of uh, (removed by TPD). I'm sorry. (removed by TPD) and she's going to seven this year, so uh, (removed by TPD)

It is redacted. After misspelling his daughter’s name, did he struggle with the birthdate?

We note the inclusion of “I’m sorry” in all statements.

Note that this phrase is repeated in the video.

Dispatcher: Okay. Is mom there also?

This is a "yes or no" question. Instead of answering it, he moves immediately to the element of time, after beginning with a pause:


Sergio: Uh, she had just left for work, I just called her and I told herto get her butthome. ("ha ha ha")

a. Element of the sentence is time. The sense of time is very important to him. Notice the two uses of “just”, which compares timing.
b. She did not go to work. She “left.”
c. She did not go to work: she “just left”
d. She did not go to work: she “had justleft”
e. Departure of “mom” is very important to him; enough to reference it three times. The word “just” is a dependent word, indicating that he is comparing timing with another timing. We often find this is actual delays. See the concerns with timing and processing above.

When did she leave?
Was she with him when “we woke up” and went to go get the victim, specifically? Or, had she “left” by then?

The “giggle” may be anything, including nervousness. We note what words (context) produced it. He used the word “butt”, regarding his wife. This is what produced his giggle. No where else do we find a nervous laugh or giggle.

Consider “butt” as part of one’s private or sexual parts (with children, the parts covered by your bathing suit) with the analysts concern over sexual inappropriateness.

Consider also the possible Ingratiation as he is speaking to a female dispatcher.

Is he attempting to sound modest while calling to report his daughter’s “abduction”?

Consider this in context with the possible leakage with “man” as well as the juvenile or immature laughing over his wife’s rear end. This is not expected from a normal father (biological) and suggests further investigation into his past, into his treatment of his daughter and into his associations.

Much discussion to issues of control and exploration of domestic violence in the relationship.

He reports what he “told” (strong, one way) his wife. We should carefully consider what else was communicated at this very sensitive time.

please see the video.

“left”is to pause at the time of departure, rather than report that she “went to work”, with the mind/language moving forward.

This is an indicator of missing information.

Would this missing information be about traffic-rushing in context with a missing child? (70%)
Or, is this critically withheld information? (30%)

In context, we also have repetition (sensitivity) on timing, which does not suggest rushing: “just”, “just” and “had just.”

“had just” is not “just left.” This is to elongate time. This is consistent with the heavy sensitivity regarding timing for the subject.

Was this call to the mother made before calling 911?

Is this a time line management?

Did he wait for her to “leave” before the son “noticed”?

If the mother had left, who is the "we" that "woke up" and "went to go get her" yet did not say he entered the victim's room?

The son did not “find” the window open and the screen pulled out.

The son “noticed”(this is the subject’s language; NOT the son’s language) the window “wide” open (extra unnecessary persuasive detail) and the screen “laying.” The language did not proceed from the son, but from the father.

This could indicate not only that the father put the screen there, but he orchestrated his son to find it. His “oldest” son, which may be “more credible” in the mind of one very nervous and deceptive.

Dispatcher: Okay, mother.

Sergio: But she was…

We do not know what refutation/comparison he was going to give due to this disruption.

Dispatcher: What kind of vehicle is she going to be en route back in?

Analyst with dispatch experience: her concern over this call likely caused her to "return to book" and ask standard questions to keep the flow of information.


Sergio: Uh, in our Lexus RX300, and it's red.
Dispatcher: Okay.

Sergio: And she's coming from TMC, so she should just be coming straight down Craycroft.

This answer goes beyond the boundary of the question. This answer is elevated in importance.

The screen, which could be a major clue to a father of a missing child, caused his pace to immediately cease and give a one word answer.

Unrelated, he gives significant detail on the vehicle and the route his wife would be taking.

This is Ingratiation: to show how “helpful” one is.
Also note the tangent of moving the topic from the victim (who gets few words to this point) to something unrelated which produced more words.

Sometimes deceptive people will stay on a topic they are comfortable with and give too many details or go beyond the boundary of the question, thinking they will sound helpful and credible.

The description of the vehicle, where she is coming from and the road she will be taking, is additional and unnecessary information.

Dispatcher: Okay. How tall is she?
Sergio: She is five two.

Who is?

Besides being directly asked, he does not use his daughter's name. This is a distancing that can be depersonalizing.

The subject gave abundant detail after his giggle and he is not thinking of the victim (his daughter) at this point. This should be compared with the information that the one piece of tangible evidence of an abduction produced: “yes.”

Dispatcher: No the, I'm sorry, you're daughter

Sergio: Oh my daughter. Um…forty inches. Thirty, yeah 36 to 40 inches.

parroted response.

The dispatcher did not ask for the color of the vehicle, the location of departure, nor even the route taken. These were all offered by the subject. The subject is thinking of his wife; not of the victim. “oh, my daughter”


Dispatcher: Okay. Is she black, white, or Hispanic?

Sergio: She's a fair skinned Hispanic with uh, clear eyes and light brown hair.

He has not used the victim’s name to this point.
“Clear eyes” produced a question of clarity for the dispatch. This is a normal question and it avoids interpretation.

Dispatcher: And what do you mean by clear eyes? Like…
Sergio: Uh, well they're a little bit green…
Dispatcher: Are they hazel or?
Sergio:…green, green, hazel, sure.


“sure” is to agree or acquiesce to Dispatch (police), consistent with ingratiation.



Dispatcher: Hazel, okay. And you said she's about 40 inches tall.
Sergio: Yeah.

For some, “clear eyes” (“claro ojos”) which is sometimes used by adult males in a complimentary way when one is attracted to a female.

Dispatcher: Do you remember what she was wearing last night when you saw her?


Nervousness might have caused her to not ask, "...the last time you saw her..." Instead she went to "last night when you saw her"

Sergio: Uh, before she went to bed I believe she was wearing little navy blue shorts and, and a pinkuh, a pink like little uh, tank top type of a shirt.

He was asked “when he saw her” and immediately used a pause or stutter, and went to a time “before” she went to bed. This is indicative of a time he may have seen her after she went to bed. Dispatch did not use the word “before”, but his mind went immediately to this period of time, what she was wearing and the halting or stuttering.

His time period is not when she went to bed, but specifically before she went to bed. "She" continues to be without a name.

“little” is a term that is not expected here. A six year old is “little”; therefore this additional detail of the size of the outfit is unexpected. This may sound like one describing a scantily clad woman or one of whom was tempted. It is the exposure of skin that "little" clothing reveals. It is what his brain produced. Note that child sexual abusers, if freely speaking to a friendly audience will describe a child in adult like sexual terms. This includes, “the walk” or“she was flirting…asking for it…”etc.

Note the stutter is produced whendescribing her clothing.

Consider the repetition of “little” with regard to her clothing makes it important to him. This may be alike it was little for her size and she was wearing revealing clothing. She may have been dressed size appropriate, but he saw the clothing as “little” in both her shorts and in her top, which he further described as “tank” top. Child sexual predators often “see” as tantalizing what is not considered sexualization of a child. Unless ill fitting, this is indication of what is on his mind "before" she went to bed: clothing that was "little" on top and in shorts. This is not expected language from a male over a child.

Note, without the name, he continues to depersonalize the victim. She was a “missing person” in some context, a “missing child” in another, “my little girl”, “my daughter” in a direct question and without a name while giving significant and alarming detail on her clothing.

Question to Analysts:

Question: Are you concerned about possible sexual abuse by the father?
Answer: Yes. (unnamimous)

The language is concerning; particularly given the sensitivity indicators noted thus far and the avoidance of the victim’s first name.

Dispatcher: Pink tank top? Okay. Navy blue shorts. Has she ever tried to sneak out of a window or anything?

Sergio: Oh no.
Dispatcher: Have you guys…
Sergio: Hu-uh
Dispatcher: …been having any weird phone calls, anything like that, somebody hanging around?


Sergio: No. We got home late from uh, my son's baseball game.

Investigators should consider why this location entered his language beyond the boundary of the question.

Time noted as element; “late”
Dispatcher: Uh-hm

Sergio: You know, about 10:30 last night. (clears throat)Everyone took their showers and they all went to bed.

Out of anything he could tell police, he went to “showers” (see possible connection with sexual abuse)

He did not say, “The kids showered and went to bed.”

Note unnecessary emphasis of “all” went to bed. This leads to,

“who did not go to bed?”

In his account, his daughter, the victim, was dressed in her “little” navy shorts and “little” pink tank top after her shower. A “little tank top” allows for skin to be exposed. Since they showered, this would be after the shower, while he has the need to report “all” went to bed. This is what is in his mind as he is describing the victim, whose name he has not yet used outside of the misspelling.

He specifically answer the question as to what Isabel was wearing "before" she went to bed. Here, he gave the unnecessary emphasis of "all" going to bed, yet his timing on the other question was "before."

Next, note the emphasis of "even" and the time in which he could alibi for himself:


I even was in the living room watching uh, the Diamondbacks game at midnight.

The father is offering his alibi (again) and uses the unnecessary emphasis of “even” here. The Dispatcher did not accuse or provoke him into offering this.

“Even” as “in addition to…”?

Dispatcher: Uh-hm.

Sergio: And I fell asleep and I never heard anything weird.

The subject is offering an alibi as being asleep.

Though when the one significant detail of an abduction was offered, he only responded with a single word (“yes” to the window screen).

Sergio: And I fell asleep and I never heard anything weird.


What did he hear that was not weird to him?

Was she “gone” already?

So I was like just on the…
Dispatcher: Okay.

Sergio:…other side of the wall from her.

Whatever he heard, that was not “weird” may have been coming from her room. This is a signal that he heard something, indeed, but it was not “weird” (unusual, unexpected).


Dispatcher: How, how many siblings does she have?
Sergio: Two.
Dispatcher: Okay, and those are brothers you said?
Sergio: Yes.
Dispatcher: How old are they?
Sergio: 14 and 10.



Dispatcher: And you said they're out looking or they were looking all over the house?

Note the element of time in his answer:

Sergio: Oh no, they, they just, they just went right now, my oldest son, the 14 year old, he went running around just to make sure um, but I, she's nowhere…

“just” compares two or more objects; here it is the element of timing that is so sensitive.
Note the need to explain why his son went running around. The dispatch or police would not have thought to ask, “why would you son run aroud to make sure…?” This is a very sensitive sentence and may be related to:
“notice” and “laying” of the “wide” window and the screen. It speaks to planting and orchestrating.,

“She’s nowhere” is possible admission of knowledge of her abduction.

This is for a biological parent to “give up” where natural denial should have been. See the you tube video for his length of time for searching for her: it is ceaseless.

The halting on pronouns is often an indicator of deception.



Dispatcher: Okay.
Sergio:…to be seen…
Dispatcher: Outside or inside?


Sergio: He's outside our property wall.

Dispatcher: Okay. And where is the ten year old?

Sergio: He's in the garage. He's just out in the garage just waiting for…

Dispatcher: Okay.

Sergio:…my wife.

Dispatcher: Okay and what's mom's name?
Sergio: Becky.
Dispatcher: Okay. And what's your birth date sir?
Sergio: (removed by TPD)
Dispatcher: Okay. And what's mom's?
Sergio: Uh, (removed by TPD)
Dispatcher: Okay. Any you're both natural parents of the child?
Sergio: Yes.
Dispatcher: Okay. So no, no step-parents, any, any problems with any grandparents?
Sergio: No.
Dispatcher: Okay. So you're not having any family issues, anything like that?
Sergio: No.
Dispatcher: Okay. And you haven't noticed anybody hanging out in front of your house?
Sergio: No.
Dispatcher: Okay. You're son that's 14, what's his name?
Sergio: (inaudible yelling in background) Uh, I'm sorry, my wife just walkedin and, and she's speaking to somebody. I don't know if she's speaking to the police also. She might have been calling on her way. You asked me about my son, what did you ask me?


Dispatcher: Yeah the, the 14 year old that's out looking for her?

Sergio: Yes. What about him?

Dispatcher: Um, well hang on a second. Okay, actually I think one of your sons is trying to call. Um, I'm sorry, what was your 14 year old's name?

Sergio: redacted

Sergio: My wife just got home and she's kindof hysterical and freaking out, so...

She “walked” in


Dispatcher: I, okay. Tell her we are on the way, we've got a…
Sergio: Okay.
Dispatcher:…bunch of officers on the way, I want you guys to stay there in the house.
Sergio: We will.
Dispatcher: Okay.
Sergio:Bye-bye


Analysis Conclusion:


Q. Is the subject deceptively withholding information regarding what happened to the child?

A. Yes (Unanimous)

Q. Does the language of the subject suggest possible sexual abuse of the child?


A. Yes. (Unanimous)



As you consider the above analysis, now watch the following video.












Listen for "Linguistic Disposition."

LD is how a subject verbally views another. In this case, we expect to hear:

The parents of an abducted child call to Isabel, unprompted. It is parental instinct.

The parents of an abducted child call to Isabel's abductor, to treat her well and return her.

The parents of an abducted child to talk about what Isabel is going through.

We do not expect to hear much about what they, themselves are going through. The parental concern, coupled with utter impotence of exercising parental instinct, puts the focus upon the victim. We expect Isabel and the abductor to be the priority, focus and scope.

We do not expect to hear parents make any excuse for not calling out to their daughter and addressing the abductor, from the very first moments of her abduction.

We do not, at this time, expect any language of having processed or accepted the victim's death. "Healing" should not be in the vocabulary if they believed at this time that their daughter was being held by an abductor.

Their own comfort level, including anything in relation to searching for the victim, and getting out the word, is paramount. There should be no hesitation and no qualification.

Regarding the polygraph, even when police caution, "don't talk about it", they know that those who pass it tell everyone.

Question: Does this video show parents of an abducted child calling to the child, the abductor and doing everything they can to facilitate her return?

Video Observations by the teams:

The word "healing" was flagged by all. For the parent of a missing child so early on, and without any knowledge of her death to be "healing" means they have processed or accepted her death. This is not the expected reaction from biological parents unless police have specifically given them details to cause them to begin to accept the death, or a good deal of time has passed.


Video focus upon self, their comfort level; not the victim's.
No concern for the missing child expressed by either parent.
No concern for what Isabel might be going through.

Linguistic priority is not the victim, nor the abductor.

No unprompted call to Isabel

No unprompted appeal to the abductor.

No help asked
Ingratiation, emotional manipulation.

Pity (linguistic disposition) towards self, but not towards Isabel.

Defensive

No denial issued when accused. What do you say? "Nothing."

They said they were “healing” while the victim is not found.
He may even "sing", as if this is courageous.

They did not address what Isabel may have been experiencing in the hands of her captor (s) For biological parents, this is unexpected.

They have processed the info: have they accepted death?
Expectation of searching success unending (father)

Fund raising

Abductor not addressed

“ransom” to “reward” re money.

Reluctance to go public while their daughter was abducted--how could any parent not go public from the moment they can possibly make an impact?

They said there was a limit to their cooperation w police

Refused to issue denial.

Refused to answer polygraph question noted.

They needed interviewer to get them to call out to the missing child.

They have not been out calling to her or trying to negotiate with the abductor because it is not emotionally comfortable for them. It goes against Mom's personality.

Conclusion:

The video affirmed the analysis.



A suspect has been indicted in her death.

He reportedly offered the location of Isabel's remains in exchange for minor burglary charges being dropped.

Pedophiles seek each other out. They are adept at locating one another, trading child pornography and information that allows them to "relive" any sexual experience or arousal.

The arrested suspect has denied killing Isabel.

The father reported an "abduction" of his child; not that Isabel was missing. He had gone to the conclusion of the matter.

Will the suspect identify others within his contact realm?
If so, will he or any others reveal a connection to the father?

When someone speaks publicly, there is an expectation that some will believe the subject and some will doubt.

All here are judicially innocent unless proven guilty in a court of law. The subject has not been charged in the death of his daughter.

Tuesday, 17 July 2018

Emergency Call: Murder of Sharon Birchwood



Analyst Chris Woodruff (UK) sent the following emergency call regarding a man discovering his wife was dead.

Even in this less than 60 second call, Statement Analysis already knows something about the case. The time savings and focus on such a case are invaluable to busy and often overworked professionals who live to obtain justice.

I. The Emergency Call


Police Emergency

Police: What is your emergency?

Subject: Ah, yeah, I have a dead body here, Harriots Lane in Ashtead please.

Police: What's happened Sir?

Subject: I don't know but it looks very nasty. Sh, she's been strangled I think.

Police: Do you live at this address? Or are you visiting this address?

Subject: Ah, Ah, I, err, it's my ex wife. She's got this cord around her neck.

Police: Ok, alright, we're gonna get police on their way and obviously we'll get an ambulance as well just to check. Umm

Subject: She's cold... She's dead.

Police: What's her name?

Subject: Sharon.

Police: And her surname?

Subject: Birchwood.


Let's look at a brief analysis and Chris' context of the case.


II. The Analysis:

Police Emergency

Police: What is your emergency?

Subject: Ah, yeah, I have a dead body here, Harriots Lane in Ashtead please.

The Greater Context: An adult male has found his wife, murdered. We now hold to the expectation that he will report his wife murdered.

The first thing we note is that his call begins with a pause. This shows a need to stop and consider what to say during a "high hormonal" moment.

It is unexpected.

Next, within this pause, what is the first word his brain has informed his mouth to use?

"Yeah"

This informal term of "yes" is to agree, in the affirmative. It is to "agree" with the recipient (police).

Yet, there is nothing to agree upon.

Ingratiation Factor

This is a simple point of Statement Analysis. The caller is "agreeing" to:
a. something not stated
b. police

This one simple word should be noted as a possibility that the caller has a psychological need to be "on the side of the good guys", which indicates to the contrary.

An easy sample of this is the guilty knowledge a parent of a "missing" child shows when he praises search and rescue for:

not finding his child. (DeOrr analysis)

With one word, we now now consider that the need to ingratiate suggests guilt or guilty knowledge of what he is about to say.

In analysis, every word, and sometimes even, every letter matters.

We've only cover his pause and the word "yeah" and already know there is "sensitivity" in the statement.

Sensitivity Indicator Number One: Pause
Sensitivity Indicator Number Two: Ingratiation Factor

Let's get to the first sentence to continue:

Ah, yeah, I have a dead body here, Harriots Lane in Ashtead please.


Next, note that his wife is not dead, but he, the caller (subject) has an issue.

He has a dead body there.

This is to measure the context with impact...

upon himself.

He is inconvenienced for having to deal with a dead body "here" (location)?

This is viewed as narcissistic. Was his wife an "inconvenience" which has been, historically, used to end lives via murder?

Social Introductions

Social Introductions tell us about the subject's perception of the relationship.

Question: Who is dead?

Answer: No one.

The victim is not his wife.

The victim is not even a person.

The dead body is "here" (location) and the caller wants it dealt with.

We now know, as the sensitivity indicators pile up:

The caller has dehumanized the victim.

This is a form of rationalizing, which leads to justifying. Murderers never really murder, in the language. This is why analysts look for victim blaming; justifying removal of the inconvenience.

Is he going to say, "You must find my wife's killer!" in any form?

Objection: he is in shock. He is disassociating from the reality.

Answer: "Dead body" indicates processing. Disassociation is a result of denial, not processing.

That she is without name (non person) and a "body", indicates the caller has long accepted her death.

The investigator analyst should now consider premeditated murder by the subject.


Ah, yeah, I have a dead body here, Harriots Lane in Ashtead please.


The dead body is "here" with specific detail.

We now know: the location is not only the element of the sentence, but a priority for him.

Come, remove it.

"please" is only given after the location.

He "agrees" with police ("the good guys") before anything is decided, and he devotes his words to location.



Police: What's happened Sir?

The best question and the most natural.
Subject: I don't know but it looks very nasty. Sh, she's been strangled I think.

He denies knowledge only to rebut/compare/minimize with the word "but."

Note what follows the word "but" as always important.

Does his wife look like she suffered?

No.

"it"

She is "it"

and...

"it looks nasty" as if he is calling a cleaning service for his location.

Sh, she's been strangled I think.

Regarding the cause of death, "it" has now become "she."

The depersonalization of the victim is to indicate the most severely negative relationship; often found in domestic homicide or acute abuse.

Question: What comes first, his speculation or her cause of death?
Answer: The cause of death.

"I think" is secondary, which is added after the conclusion of the matter.

He is showing us: I know how she died, oops, I better qualify that with "think" as an after thought.


Police: Do you live at this address? Or are you visiting this address?

This is an unusual question. This is not a question I would have thought to ask but is likely intuitively posed due to the bizarre nature of his dehumanizing language of the victim.
Subject: Ah, Ah, I, err, it's my ex wife. She's got this cord around her neck.

Who is "it"?

Remember, this is to process her death and processing overcomes natural denial and shock and takes place in time.

It is interesting that the either/or question is not answered by him. This is an indicator of script.

Script means he has rehearsed what was to be said, and it was interrupted by an unusual question.

Script indicates the need to withhold information. He blurted out what he needed to say, even at the expense of the question.

What did he reveal?

He revealed an "upgrade" in their relationship.

Ah, Ah, I, err, it's my ex wife. She's got this cord around her neck.

He how shows a technical upgrade of the relationship.

Lesser Context

The lesser context is founds in the sentence itself.

The Greater Context is a husband calling police to report finding his wife dead (or ex).

The Lesser Context has upgraded the victim from "it" to "my ex wife" which we now ask,

"What caused the relationship to improve in the subject's verbalized perception of reality?"

We look to answer our question by his language. This is what it means to let the subject guide you. He has the information; not us. This is why we interview using few words and do the listening.

What caused the relationship to improve?

She was a "dead body" and now she is his ex wife and she is now "she" in the context of having a "cord around her neck."

Psycho-linguistic Profiling:

He likes her with a cord around her neck.

This is literal.

Linguistic Disposition

When analysts are trained and become efficient at identifying linguistic disposition, they solve cases. They do deep analysis.

His linguistic disposition towards the victim is duly noted as such:

It sounds crass or like dark humor, but it is not. We must not project our emotions but listen and submit to the statement.

In the caller's verbalized perception of reality, he needs a mess to be cleaned up, but has a positive linguistic disposition towards his ex wife while she has a cord around her neck.

The LD towards her as a dead body is Negative. ("it" is "nasty")

The LD towards her, as his ex wife with a cord around her neck is Positive.

With "nasty" we may wonder (though influenced by the outcome) of the possibility of the subject either having help killing her, or having someone kill her.



Police: Ok, alright, we're gonna get police on their way and obviously we'll get an ambulance as well just to check. Umm

Subject: She's cold... She's dead.

Psycho-linguistic Profile:

It is likely that one of his complaints about his victim in the marriage was about sex.

She was "cold."

This is unnecessary information. He already reported a dead body. Heat dissipation is rapid.

Time has elapsed.
Police: What's her name?

Unnecessary to ask, but necessary for the "Incomplete Social Introduction" which has already indicted him in the murder.
Subject: Sharon.

Police: And her surname?

Subject: Birchwood.

Analysis Conclusion: Deception Indicated

The caller has guilty knowledge of his wife's murder.

Analyst should not conclude "he did it" but remain disciplined to that which we know. That he killed her is speculation. "Guilty knowledge" is the appropriate conclusion. Police would now take this call's analysis and focus everything upon the caller. He is the key to solving the case.

Guilty Knowledge means if he did not kill her, he knows who did and he is "pleased" at the results.

The Profile of the caller, even from less than 1 minute of information is of extreme animosity towards his wife and an acutely narcissistic disposition. He is inconvenienced at the "nasty" intrusion at his location while depersonalizing his victim.

Chris added that he watched a documentary about the case:

"Who killed Sharon Birchwood" Her ex husband, Graham Birchwood hired an ex Business Associate and Hit man to kill her. She was strangled to death. The hit man, 63 year old Paul Cryne flew from Thailand to Britain to carry out the murder for £30,000 on December 4th 2007.

Cryne was jailed for a minimum of 28 years and 6 months in 2010. Graham Birchwood was jailed in 2009. He had debts of £150,000.

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